![]() ![]() Which ball is going to be smaller? The iron ball (smaller and harder – more dense) is like fluorine, and the rubber ball (larger and squishier) is like iodine. But one is made of iron, and the other is made of rubber. Imagine two balls, each weighing one pound. However, they both have a charge of negative 1. The size of the fluorine ion (radius: 119 pm) is much smaller than iodine (radius: 206 pm). Factor #3: As Polarizability Increases Down The Periodic Table, So Does The Stability Of Negative Chargeĭown the periodic table, it’s a little more helpful to think “ dispersal of charge is good!” rather than “opposite charges attract”. This is also reflected in acidity values.Ĥ. So if you compare the anions going from C, N, O to F across the periodic table, the stability of the negative charge will increase. (Opposite charges attract.)Įlectronegativity increases as we go across the periodic table. Factor #2: As Electronegativity Increases Across The Periodic Table, So Does The Stability Of Negative ChargeĮlectronegativity is a rough measure how effectively the positively charged nucleus of an atom can “pull” electrons toward it. This is reflected in acidity tables water (H 2O) is far more likely to lose a proton to give HO( –) than HO( –) is likely to lose a proton to give O( 2-)ģ. So as we move from water to HO( –) to O( 2-), we are getting progressively more unstable here. This one’s fairly straightforward to understand. Factor #1: High Charge Densities Are Unstable Think about that as you look at this list of seven factors that stabilize negative charge. negative charge tends to be less stable when it’s concentrated and more stable when it’s dispersed.negative charge is stabilized by adjacent positive charge (opposite charges attract!).So what factors lead to the stabilization of negative charge? Two main things. These acid-base reactions are covered here, BTW. But if it leads to the loss of a very unstable negative charge, it’s considerably more likely.įor instance, that’s why one of these reactions of methane is likely and the other is unlikely. For instance if a reaction leads to the formation of a very unstable negative charge, it’s unlikely to occur. Understanding The Stability Of Negative Charge Helps Us Understand What Reactions Are Likely (And Not Likely) To Occur “Basicity” Is Just Another Word For “Stability Of The Negative Charge”ġ.Increasing s-Character In The Hybridization Of An Atom Is Effectively Like Increasing Its Electronegativity.Factor #5: Electron-Withdrawing Groups (Inductive Effects) Stabilize Negative Charge. ![]()
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